In 2002, Dr. Gerald Pollack of the University of Washington discovered that when visible and infrared light interact with water, a hexagonal layer of water molecules form. This one-atom thick layer builds upon itself forming a liquid crystal. As light continues to interact with water, the hex layers build, each one off-setting the previous. In this liquid crystal phase, H₂O transforms into H₃O₂. This liquid crystal is so dense it excludes all particles and solutes, thus inheriting its name - the exclusion zone (EZ). The EZ formation changes not only the water’s molecular composition, but its electrical potential, creating a more dynamic entity that reacts to its surroundings.